Spain pyramids: Pyramids of Guimar | Visit Tenerife’s Guimar Pyramids

Population of Spain 2050 – PopulationPyramid.net

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2050

Population:
43,637,407

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PopulationPyramid. net

Spain – 2050
Population: 43,637,407

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With Human Pyramids, Catalans Reach For Independence : Parallels : NPR

With Human Pyramids, Catalans Reach For Independence : Parallels The 18th century Catalan tradition of castelling, the building of human towers, or castles, is undergoing a renaissance today. This has accompanied a rise in Catalan nationalism.

Culture

November 2, 20145:14 AM ET

Heard on Weekend Edition Sunday

With Human Pyramids, Catalans Reach For Independence

Turn a street corner in Barcelona, and you might find this:

Members of the Castellers of Vila de Gràcia, a human tower-building club in Barcelona, perform in a town square, as passersby look on.

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Lauren Frayer for NPR

Human pyramids are popping up across Spain’s northeast region of Catalonia, of which Barcelona is the capital. They’re called castells — “castle” in the local Catalan language. Many neighborhoods in Catalonia have their own local castells clubs. It’s an 18th century, UNESCO-recognized tradition specific to Catalonia.

Human tower-building has exploded in popularity in Catalonia in the past 10 to 20 years, as Catalan nationalism has grown. The region has long sought autonomy from the Spanish central government in Madrid. On Nov. 9, Catalonia plans to hold an unofficial, nonbinding vote on whether to break away from Spain and form a new country in Europe.

Many of the castells clubs rehearse twice a week, and perform on weekends, in town squares and at festivals. They even bring along their own music — and as the band plays traditional Catalan folk songs on wooden flutes, participants start clambering atop one another’s shoulders.

The runner-up team performs in the 25th castells competition at Tarraco Arena ring in Tarragona, Catalonia, northeastern Spain, on Oct. 5.

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Jaume Sellart/EPA/Landov

The runner-up team performs in the 25th castells competition at Tarraco Arena ring in Tarragona, Catalonia, northeastern Spain, on Oct. 5.

Jaume Sellart/EPA/Landov

The strongest men and women form a circle at the base. Then others stand on their shoulders. Each tier has a different Catalan name: Baixos stand on the ground, then segons stand on their shoulders, then terços atop them, then quarts, quints, sisens, setens and so on — up to 10 tiers high.

“You have to just touch everyone’s body. So it’s like, ‘Oh, I don’t want to touch your boobs!’ But anyway, you have to do it, because that’s the only way you can [climb up,]” says Marta Alvarez, who’s trained to take part in the second tier, segons, alongside other women with roughly the same height and weight. “You have to have strength, but then you have to have equilibrium as well, and balance. When you go back to the floor, it’s just amazing!”

It’s usually a light, agile young girl — called an enxaneta — who climbs all the way to the top.

“It’s fun, it’s cool! You’re up there on top of everyone,” some enxanetas-in-training squeal and giggle, at the weekly Friday night rehearsal of their castells club, the Castellers of Vila de Gràcia, a Barcelona neighborhood. “For me, I get a little nervous,” a 7-year-old admits.

These enxanetas — the agile and light girls who climb all the way to the top of the castells — practice at their local club in Barcelona. Participants perform barefoot, but youngsters wear safety helmets.

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Lauren Frayer for NPR

These enxanetas — the agile and light girls who climb all the way to the top of the castells — practice at their local club in Barcelona. Participants perform barefoot, but youngsters wear safety helmets.

Lauren Frayer for NPR

Once on top, the enxaneta waves to the crowd.

“They do a gesture to say ‘I’m here!’ ” says Enric Ucelay-Da Cal, senior professor of 19th and 20th century history at Pompeu Fabra University in Barcelona. “If you do it with the four fingers, that’s the nationalist sign, corresponding to the four stripes or bars of the Catalan flag.”

Ucelay says building castells was one of the only ways Catalans could express their regional identity and culture under the military dictatorship of Francisco Franco, who died in 1975. Catalan language and culture were repressed under his nearly 40-year rule.

The practice of castells was first documented near the Catalan city of Tarragona in the early 18th century, though similar practices may date back to medieval Venice, or the Roman era. Catalonia’s neighbor, the Valencia region, has a similar tradition.

“Before the Romans ever came to the Iberian peninsula, there they were climbing on top of each other,” says Ucelay. “Some people claim 1,000-year origins to this tradition, but the evidence is difficult to prove.”

Castells are an icon of Catalan culture — a symbol of what citizens can achieve when they work together, says participant Aureli Bisbe.

“It shows we are capable of working together to build interesting structures and stuff. That’s not an easy thing,” Bisbe says. “I like that our culture is able to do that.”

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90,000 Spanish pyramids. New era of pyramids

Spanish pyramids

We made a trip from France to Mars and the Moon, visited the States, but all this running after the pyramids did not bring us anything but disappointments. So far, we have only one “real”, albeit very small, pyramid outside of Egypt and Mesoamerica – this is the pyramid in Falikon. But I promise that everything will change very soon…

In 1991, the famous traveler Thor Heyerdahl spoke about the pyramids in the Canary Islands. He came across these monuments during one of his travels, in which he was trying to find new evidence that in ancient times people maintained contacts across the ocean. Of course, many immediately came to the “logical” conclusion: there are pyramids in Egypt, there are pyramids in Mesoamerica, and now there are pyramids right in the middle, in the Canary Islands. One has only to connect an imaginary line, and you will have “clear evidence” that transoceanic contacts took place in antiquity, and during these contacts the representatives of the Old World, obviously, taught the American natives to build pyramids.

There are six step pyramids on the island of Tenerife located near the town of Guimar on the east coast, about 40 km south of Santa Cruz de Tenerife. The maximum height of the pyramids is 12 m. After some time, employees of the Department of Archeology at the University of La Laguna conducted preliminary excavations of these monuments, and the Astrophysical Institute of the Canary Islands conducted research on the possible relationship of these structures with ancient astronomical events. And it turned out a curious, but already familiar detail: the pyramids were tied to the periods of the winter and summer solstices. Again, we have to admit that many, if not most (and perhaps all), pyramids have an astronomical component in their origin. In this case, all the pyramids are lined up in such a way that they form one line with a point on the mountainous horizon at which the sun sets. At each pyramid, a staircase leads from the base to the top, and the tops of all the pyramids themselves are flat and covered with pebbles. All the stairs are on the western sides of the pyramids, which obviously suggests some sort of ritual purpose. Apparently, those who ascended the pyramid on the morning of the solstice were met by a star rising in the east – a phenomenon of great religious significance.

Of course, information about these pyramids is extremely contradictory. The “oppositionists” claim that in the Canary Islands we are dealing with simple terraces or with piles of randomly laid stones that the Spaniards unearthed. However, archaeologists have discovered that in fact all these stones are very carefully stacked, and stacked exactly so that a step pyramid is obtained. However, the opponents of the pyramids in the Canary Islands may be guided only by economic and, let us add, selfish considerations. The thing is that the territory on which the pyramids stand came under construction in accordance with the development plans of the city. However, already at 1991 it became clear that archeology and economics do not get along very easily. And then Thor Heyerdahl convinced the Norwegian shipowner Fred Olsen to buy the land on which the pyramids stand, put the ruins in order, deprived of attention and care for many centuries, and built a museum. This is what is now known as the Pyramids of Guimar Ethnographic Park. The park opened in April 1998 and receives up to 150,000 visitors annually.

One of the “black” pyramids was restored during this time. Recent excavations under another pyramid have yielded a large harvest of artefacts; found objects of material culture belonged to the Guanches – the indigenous inhabitants of Tenerife, who lived on the islands before the arrival of the Spaniards. And yet, some skeptics refuse to admit that such impressive structures were created by the Guanches. There are suggestions that the first Christian settlers could build them as a kind of “calendar” and with their help determine the time of the celebration of St. John (this day falls on June 24 – very close to the summer solstice). The benefit of these disputes, if only in that they provide an opportunity to understand the nature of the furor that produced in 1719d. publication of Kareri’s conclusions that the pyramid in Teotihuacan could not have been built by local “devil worshipers” in any way.

As for Heyerdahl, he was convinced that the pyramids were inherited from prehistoric Europeans who sailed across the Atlantic Ocean in ancient times. However, in accordance with Thor Heyerdahl’s wishes, no theory is forced upon visitors to Guimar. The symbol of the entire museum is a huge question mark, which, as it were, invites everyone to draw their own conclusions. And yet, the most preferred option is that the pyramids were built by the Guanches themselves. Rejecting as unimportant the assertions that they allegedly “could not build such structures”, and agreeing that they could do it, we can get the easiest and at the same time logical answer to the question of who built these pyramids.

First of all, it is known that the Guanches used the Chaconne Cave, which is located … guess where? That’s right, we meet again with another cave under the pyramid! And the second – not far from Guimar, before the Spanish conquest, there was the residence of one of the ten “mensei” (kings) who ruled in Tenerife. This fact allows us to assume that the “capital” was located here. And if the pyramids were related to the kingdom, then why not connect them with the kingdom of the Guanches?

This text is an introductory fragment.

SPANISH KINGDOM

SPANISH KINGDOM
The rulers of the Pyrenean states – the counts of Barcelona, ​​the kings of Aragon, Navarre, Leono-Castile and the Portuguese kingdoms – had the full range of means available to the monarchs of other countries to strengthen their power. They are long

Spanish rulers

Spanish rulers
Trastamara-Burgundy-Habsburg Dynasty Carlos I: 1516-1556 Philip II: 1556-1598 Philip III: 1598-1621 Philip IV: 1621-1665 Carlos II: 1665-1700 Bourbons Philip V: 1701-1724 Louis I: 1724 Philip V: 1724-1746 Ferdinand VI: 1746-1759 Carlos III: 1759-1788 Carlos IV: 1788-1808 Ferdinand

Spanish Wars

Spanish Wars
The events in Macedonia, Greece and Africa coincided with each other not by chance. It was a general political crisis that engulfed much of the Mediterranean. There was hardly any

between the politicians of Macedonia, the Achaean League and Carthage.

SPANISH SEMITES

SPANISH SEMITES
“There is every reason to believe that in Spain and Portugal there is a significant amount of Jewish blood in the blood of today’s Iberians, especially the middle and upper classes. However, even the most sophisticated psychoanalyst would not be able to determine whether

“The most fertile land” and Spanish castles

“The most fertile land” and Spanish castles
In some versions of the speech of Urban II, brought to us by various chroniclers, not only spiritual motives sound. However, other modern historians believe that the most adequate text of the speech is the one where nothing is said about

SPANISH NETHERLANDS

SPANISH NETHERLANDS
For the Southern Netherlands, which remained throughout the 17th century. either in the orbit of influence of the Spanish monarchy, or directly within it, this century was filled with wars with the United Provinces and with France. Military operations in the territory of

BOURBONS (SPANISH)

BOURBONS (SPANISH)
The rule of the Spanish branch of the Bourbon dynasty began in 1700 and continues to the present. When the crown of Spain crowned Charles II of Habsburg, it became clear that a change in the ruling dynasty would soon take place in the country. The new monarch was so different

Spanish Wars

Spanish Wars
The events in Macedonia, Greece and Africa coincided with each other not by chance. It was a general political crisis that engulfed much of the Mediterranean. There was hardly any

between the politicians of Macedonia, the Achaean League and Carthage.

SPANISH PROVINCE OF THE KINGDOM OF TOLOUSE

SPANISH PROVINCE OF THE KINGDOM OF TOLOUSE
As already mentioned, in 475 Julius Nepos recognized the power of King Eirich over all the lands he conquered, including over Spain. Now it is difficult to say to which territory of the Iberian Peninsula

actually extended

SPANISH VOLUNTEERS

SPANISH VOLUNTEERS
Spain for some time supplied volunteers to the Eastern Front – a total of one division in the German army. When the war turned against the Germans, under pressure from the Anglo-Americans, the Spanish dictator Franco in 1943 year

Spanish historical sources

Spanish historical sources
Among the most important testimonies about the Maya people are the stories of those people who participated in the conquest and for this reason became the first Europeans to discover the Maya. Even more important are the chronicles written by those who arrived in the country of

First Spanish colonies on the mainland

First Spanish colonies on the mainland
In 1508, a patent was issued to two hidalgos for organizing colonies on the mainland, between the Venezuelan and Honduras bays; the border between their possessions was Uraba Bay – the southern part of the Darien Bay, deeply protruding into the land. Alonso

Spanish possessions

Spanish possessions
Spanish Guinea (the continental part of Rio Muni and the islands of Fernando Po, today Bioko, and Anna-bon, today Pogalu) regained its independence in 1968 under the name of Equatorial Guinea. Spanish Sahara, after the return of Morocco lands belonging to

CHAPTER FOUR. SPANISH PASSIONS

CHAPTER FOUR. SPANISH PASSION
The phenomenon of Spain is either ugly poorly studied by historians, or the liberal bureaucracy does not allow the obvious to be stated in the abstract. Iberia (as it was previously called) was once part of the Roman Empire. After the collapse of the last profit

Pyramids of Guimar – Guimar, Spain

Photo from panoramio.com

The Pyramids of Guimar (Spanish: Pirámides de Güímar) are six stepped pyramids located in the city of Guimar on the southeast coast of Tenerife, part of the Canary Islands. According to scientists, these structures were piled up by local farmers, who, when plowing the land, have a habit of stacking the found stones at the borders of the fields. This was a common practice in the Canary Islands, especially in the second half of the 19th century. According to locals and according to old images, such pyramids existed in many places on the island, but were demolished due to their perceived uselessness and were used as a source of cheap building material. There were nine pyramids directly in Guimar, of which only six have survived.

Pyramids

Pyramids are located on the territory of an ethnographic park with an area of ​​several hectares. All six surviving pyramids have a rectangular base, the length of the faces is from 15 to 80 meters, and the height is up to 12 meters. Large-scale reconstructions were carried out on pyramids No. 5 and No. 6 in the late 1990s and early 2000s, while minor restoration work was carried out on the remaining pyramids. In 1992, archaeologists from the University of La Laguna carried out excavations in the park. Bones, ceramics and various artifacts belonging to the Guanche culture were found in the cave under pyramid No. 1. Radiocarbon analysis attributed these finds to 680-1020. AD As a result of the excavation between the pyramids No. 2 and No. 3 in the second layer (25 cm), the remains of household utensils, ceramics and a vine were found. This layer was dated to the second half of the 19th – the first half of the 20th century. The third layer (50-150 cm) contained volcanic stones, gravel, as well as utensils traditional for the Canary Islands and imported ceramics. It was not possible to establish the time of the construction of the pyramids. More than 100,000 tourists visit the pyramids every year.

In the chronicle of the monk chronicler Juan de Abreu Galindo (1632) there is a text describing how the aborigines of the island built and used these structures: “They piled many stones in the shape of a pyramid, trying to make it as high as unfastened stones allowed them to do this. On these days they held ritual worship: everyone gathered around piles of stones, danced, sang mournful songs, wrestled with each other and arranged other competitions that usually served them as entertainment. These were their feasts of worship. ”

Heyerdahl’s theory

In 1991, the famous traveler Thor Heyerdahl studied the pyramids. Distinct traces of stone processing were found at the corners of the pyramids, and also that the ground was leveled before the construction of the pyramids. The material is not round boulders from local fields, but pieces of lava. Heyerdahl also gave an opinion on the astronomical orientation of the pyramids. On the day of the summer solstice, from the platform at the top of the largest pyramid, you can observe a double sunset: the sun disappears behind the mountain peak, then reappears, sets behind the neighboring peak a second time. All pyramids on the western side have stairs that lead exactly to the rising sun on the morning of the winter solstice.

Heyerdahl was never able to find out the age of the pyramids or answer the question of who built them. However, it is firmly known [source not specified 471 days] that Guanches lived in a cave under one of the pyramids – the natives of the Canaries. Guimar, until the Spanish conquest of the Canary Islands at the end of the 15th century, was the residence of one of the 10 mensei (leaders) of Tenerife. It is noteworthy that according to Pliny the Elder, the Canary Islands were uninhabited at the time of Hanno the Navigator (approximately 600 BC), but, however, the ruins of large structures were located on them. The origin of the Guanches is not entirely clear. Crossing to the Canary Islands from the nearest coast in southern Morocco is difficult due to sea currents, while at the same time it is much easier from Europe and the Mediterranean.

Heyerdahl put forward a hypothesis according to which the Canary Islands in ancient times were a staging post on the route between America and the Mediterranean. The fastest route between these two parts of the world really passes through the Canary Islands – this was used, for example, by Christopher Columbus. As early as 1970, Heyerdahl showed that shipping between North Africa and the Caribbean was possible by ancient methods, sailing from Morocco to Barbados on a papyrus boat Ra II.